{"id":19973,"date":"2022-08-13T22:21:13","date_gmt":"2022-08-13T20:21:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tinnunculus.sy-sy.cz\/?page_id=19973"},"modified":"2025-12-14T23:35:41","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T22:35:41","slug":"rorys-obecny-obecne","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tinnunculus.sy-sy.cz\/index.php\/rorys-obecny-obecne\/","title":{"rendered":"Ror\u00fds obecn\u00fd | obecn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u011bdeck\u00fd n\u00e1zev<\/strong> | Apus apus<\/em> Linnaeus, 1758 \u00a0– ror\u00fds obecn\u00fd<\/span>
\nTaxonomick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/strong> | \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Animalia <\/span> \/ kmen Chordata <\/span> \/ t\u0159\u00edda Aves <\/span> \/ \u0159\u00e1d Apodiformes\u00a0<\/span> \/ \u010dele\u010f Apodidae \/ rod Apus<\/span><\/p>\n

anglicky: Common Swift<\/a> | b\u011blorusky: \u0427\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044c<\/a>\u00a0| bulharsky: \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044a\u0440\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442<\/a> | \u010desky: Ror\u00fds obecn\u00fd<\/a> | d\u00e1nsky: Mursejler<\/a> | finsky: Tervap\u00e4\u00e4sky<\/a>\u00a0| francouzsky: Martinet noir<\/a> | holandsky: Gierzwaluw<\/a>\u00a0 | italsky: Rondone – Apus apus<\/a> | ma\u010farsky: Sarl\u00f3sfecske<\/a> | n\u011bmecky: Mauersegler<\/a> | norsky: T\u00e5rnseglar\u00a0<\/a>| polsky: Jerzyk zwyczajny<\/a> |\u00a0 portugalsky: Andorinh\u00e3o-preto<\/a> | rumunsky: Drepnea neagr\u0103<\/a> | rusky: \u0427\u0451\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0436<\/a> | \u0159ecky: \u039c\u03b1\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1<\/a> | slovensky: D\u00e1\u017e\u010fovn\u00edk oby\u010dajn\u00fd<\/a> | srbsky: \u0426\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0430<\/a> | \u0161pan\u011blsky: Vencejo com\u00fan<\/a> | \u0161v\u00e9dsky: Tornseglare<\/a> | turecky: Ebabil\u00a0<\/a>| ukrajinsky: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0446\u044c \u0447\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vzhled<\/strong> | Ror\u00fds je tmav\u00fd hn\u011bdo\u0161ed\u00fd (zd\u00e1nliv\u011b \u010dern\u00fd) pt\u00e1k o m\u00e1lo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vla\u0161tovka s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm vykrojen\u00fdm ocasem, dlouh\u00fdmi srpovit\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly a zakrn\u011bl\u00fdmi kon\u010detinami. Slo\u017een\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla p\u0159esahuj\u00ed o n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f ocas.. Tmav\u00e9 zbarven\u00ed cel\u00e9ho t\u011bla naru\u0161uje jen sv\u011btl\u00e9 hrdlo, mlad\u00ed pt\u00e1ci maj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b sv\u011btl\u00e9 \u010delo a tence sv\u011btle lemovan\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddeln\u00ed krovky. Rozd\u00edl mezi samcem a samic\u00ed nelze rozeznat, ob\u011b pohlav\u00ed jsou stejn\u011b zbarvena a neli\u0161\u00ed se ani velikost\u00ed.
\nHmotnost<\/strong> | pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 42 g (35 \u2013 56 g)
\nD\u00e9lka\u00a0<\/strong>| 16 \u2013 17 cm
\nRozp\u011bt\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel<\/strong> | 38 \u2013 40 cm
\nSt\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/strong> | pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 7 let; nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u011bk krou\u017ekovan\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka 21 let.
\nRoz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed <\/strong>| hn\u00edzd\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, v severn\u00ed Africe a na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed Asie.\u00a0 Zimuje v Africe, ji\u017en\u011b od rovn\u00edku.
\nV\u00fdskyt druhu Apus apus v jednotliv\u00fdch period\u00e1ch podle z\u00e1znam\u016f v N\u00e1lezov\u00e9 datab\u00e1zi ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody (AOPK)<\/a>
\nProst\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong> |\u00a0 u\u00a0n\u00e1s se hojn\u011b vyskytuje od n\u00ed\u017ein a\u017e do hor a hn\u00edzd\u00ed na staven\u00edch i nad horn\u00ed hranic\u00ed lesa, v Krkono\u0161\u00edch dokonce a\u017e na h\u0159ebenech do 1 310 m n. m., v ostatn\u00edch na\u0161ich hor\u00e1ch le\u017e\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b mezi 800\u2013950 m nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky. Nad h\u0159ebeny v\u0161ech \u010desk\u00fdch poho\u0159\u00ed pravideln\u011b zaletuje p\u0159i lovu. Po\u010detnost je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v lidsk\u00fdch s\u00eddlech, zejm\u00e9na ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, kde lov\u00ed jak pobl\u00ed\u017e koloni\u00ed, tak daleko v okol\u00ed.\u00a0
\nTah a zimov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> | p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b ta\u017en\u00fd druh; zimuje v tropick\u00e9 Africe, kam odl\u00e9t\u00e1 ihned po vyveden\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat na konci \u010dervence. Tah m\u00e1 hromadn\u00fd charakter, tak\u017ee z ur\u010dit\u00e9 lokality skoro v\u0161ichni ror\u00fdsi odlet\u00ed najednou. Ze zimovi\u0161\u0165 se k n\u00e1m vrac\u00ed na p\u0159elomu dubna a kv\u011btna.
\nChov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> | ror\u00fdsi jsou extr\u00e9mn\u00ed letov\u00ed specialist\u00e9. V\u0161e prov\u00e1d\u00ed v letu \u2013 lov\u00ed potravu, pij\u00ed, obstar\u00e1vaj\u00ed materi\u00e1l ke stavb\u011b hn\u00edzda, ale tak\u00e9 se za letu p\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. I sp\u00e1nek prov\u00e1d\u00ed v letu \u2013 vystoupaj\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky p\u0159es 1 km, polovina mozku jim \u201eusne\u201c a oni zvolna krou\u017e\u00ed a klesaj\u00ed, \u010das od \u010dasu se \u201evzbud\u00ed\u201c, povyl\u00e9tnou a pokra\u010duj\u00ed v odpo\u010dinku.
\nRor\u00fdsi nikdy sami nesedaj\u00ed na zem (ze zem\u011b sami nedok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vzl\u00e9tnout) ani na dr\u00e1ty jako vla\u0161tovky, jen se n\u011bkdy dr\u017e\u00ed na svisl\u00fdch st\u011bn\u00e1ch (to d\u011blaj\u00ed i ji\u0159i\u010dky).
\nRor\u00fdsi jsou pt\u00e1ci spole\u010den\u0161t\u00ed, skupinky jednotliv\u00fdch p\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 nehn\u00edzd\u00edc\u00edmi pt\u00e1ky, mohou \u010d\u00edtat i n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek jedinc\u016f.\u00a0 Rychl\u00fd let skupinek ror\u00fds\u016f doprov\u00e1z\u00ed vysok\u00e9 a hlasit\u00e9 p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed.
\nPotrava<\/strong> | tzv. vzdu\u0161n\u00fd plankton, tj. l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed hmyz a dal\u0161\u00ed vzduchem un\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u010dlenovci. Rodi\u010de krm\u00edc\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fata ulov\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 50 g potravy denn\u011b.
\nHn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> | hn\u00edzd\u00ed jednou ro\u010dn\u011b od kv\u011btna do konce \u010dervence.
\nTok<\/strong> | st\u0159emhlav\u00e9 lety skupinek ror\u00fds\u016f doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 charakteristick\u00fdm k\u0159ikem jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed toku, slou\u017e\u00ed ale tak\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed jako prvek posiluj\u00edc\u00ed vazbu partner\u016f v p\u00e1ru. Same\u010dek a sami\u010dka let\u00ed v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti jeden od druh\u00e9ho, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se navz\u00e1jem v t\u011bsn\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bsu pron\u00e1sleduj\u00ed. B\u011bhem t\u011bchto hon\u00edc\u00edch let\u016f oba pt\u00e1ci hlasit\u011b p\u00edskaj\u00ed v synchronizovan\u00e9m duetu, kter\u00e9 se navenek sl\u00e9v\u00e1 do jednoho hlasu.
\nHn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b<\/strong> | p\u016fvodn\u011b byl ror\u00fds obyvatelem skal a stromov\u00fdch dutin, dnes \u017eije t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b ve m\u011bstech, kde hn\u00edzd\u00ed pod krovy a ve \u0161t\u011brbin\u00e1ch a dutin\u00e1ch staveb, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b budk\u00e1ch. Hn\u00edzdo ror\u00fds\u016f je mal\u00e1 a ploch\u00e1 stavba z r\u016fzn\u00fdch st\u00e9bel, p\u00edrek, \u017e\u00edn\u00ed \u010di podobn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu nasb\u00edran\u00e9ho za letu, kter\u00fd je slepov\u00e1n na vzduchu tuhnouc\u00edmi v\u00fdm\u011b\u0161ky slinn\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z.
\nSn\u016f\u0161ka<\/strong> | 2 \u2013 4 vejce o hmotnosti 3,5 g, b\u00edle zbarven\u00e1.
\nInkubace<\/strong> | na sn\u016f\u0161ce sed\u00ed oba rodi\u010de 19 \u2013 20 dn\u00ed; v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b p\u0159i \u0161patn\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed o n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed d\u00e9le.
\nHn\u00edzdn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/strong> | ml\u00e1\u010fata se l\u00edhnou hol\u00e1. Ml\u00e1\u010fata jsou krmena ob\u011bma rodi\u010di, kte\u0159\u00ed jim p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed potravu v podob\u011b mal\u00fdch kuli\u010dek slepen\u00fdch z drobn\u00e9ho hmyzu.\u00a0 Rychlost jejich r\u016fstu je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na po\u010das\u00ed. Pokud se zhor\u0161\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed a klesne potravn\u00ed nab\u00eddka, ml\u00e1\u010fata sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed sv\u016fj metabolismus a zastav\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdvoj. Jejich rodi\u010de se zdr\u017euj\u00ed na hn\u00edzd\u011b a hn\u00edzd\u011bn\u00ed se pak m\u016f\u017ee i o p\u00e1r t\u00fddn\u016f prot\u00e1hnout. Ml\u00e1\u010fata opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed hn\u00edzdo, kdy\u017e jsou jejich k\u0159\u00eddla 16 cm dlouh\u00e1 (tj. ve v\u011bku 40 \u2013 45 dn\u00ed, p\u0159i \u0161patn\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed a\u017e 57 dn\u00ed).\u00a0 Jakmile za\u010d\u00e1tkem srpna vylet\u00ed z hn\u00edzd, jsou ji\u017e dob\u0159e p\u0159ipravena na st\u00e1l\u00fd pobyt ve vzduchu a cel\u00e9 ror\u00fds\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed se vyd\u00e1 zp\u00e1tky do ji\u017en\u00ed Afriky.
\nDosp\u011blost<\/strong> | koncem 2. roku \u017eivota. Hn\u00edzdit za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed a\u017e ve t\u0159et\u00edm roce, kdy se v\u011bt\u0161ina vr\u00e1t\u00ed do rodi\u0161t\u011b a jeho \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho okol\u00ed (na\u0161i pt\u00e1ci asi do 100 km od m\u00edsta
\nvyl\u00edhnut\u00ed).<\/p>\n

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